The Holy Roman Empire

κάνετε κλικ εδώ για Ελληνικά Charlemagne Three great men, three decisive steps into the formation of the West in the eighth century of the Christian era: Charles Martel, who stopped the Arab expansion at Poitiers in 732 A.D., his son Pepin III the Short, who supported the Church of Rome against the Lombards and who … More The Holy Roman Empire

The Church keeps her independence

  The donation of Pepin κάνετε κλικ εδώ για Ελληνικά Iconoclasm, i.e. the conflict about the icons, (726-843 A.D.) had devastating consequences for Byzantium: the prestige of the emperor was damaged, the state was weakened, the art suffered, the iconography got standardized through strict rules which excluded spontaneity and new styles and its relation with … More The Church keeps her independence